Linear regulators, often called series regulators or step-down converters, are power management integrated circuits designed to monitor and regulate the output voltage at stable conditions, even in elevated input voltage or current loads. They are usually essential in electronic systems that receive power supply voltage higher than required circuit systems. Linear voltage regulators compensate by regulating the optimum voltage by consuming input power and translating it to the heat for optimum output voltage generation.
Why Are Linear Regulators Important?
A linear regulator is essentially an indispensable tool for a range of power management tools with a great range of output regulating applications in various electronic systems. They are the economical way that regulates the output by featuring a linear component in a series between input and output. Furthermore, they are highly efficient and easy to use with low output noise. Additionally, they offer excellent flexibility and are compact to suit while designing tasks straightforwardly.
Working Principle of Linear Regulators:
The low-dropout linear regulators work by using a transistor controlled by a negative feedback circuit that compares the output and reference voltage and adjusts the pass device to maintain a constant output voltage. These devices dissipate energy by multiplying their voltage across current through them, just like all electronic components. Other linear regulator types can adjust the output voltage using external resistors.
Types of Linear Regulators:
Linear regulators are classified into two forms based on their integrated elements, including:
- Series Regulators- the most common type of voltage regulators that feature a transistor (as variable resistor) in series between the load and input. They are more robust than shunt regulators.
- Shunt Regulators- comprise a transistor in parallel configuration with the load.
What Are the Applications of Linear Regulators?
Voltage regulators are mostly found in every power supply that needs proper voltage regulation. They are used in:
- Power generation systems
- Small electronic circuits
- Solar power plants
- Mobile Chargers
- Computers
- Laptops
- Televisions.