What are XLR connectors?
The XLR Connector (External Line Return) is an electrical connector found mainly in professional audio, video, and stage lighting equipment, commonly associated with balanced audio interconnection, including AES3 digital audio. Furthermore, these connectors are also used for low-voltage power supplies, lighting control, and several other applications.
These connectors are a necessity for audio engineers and technicians. Due to their popularity in recent years, they have become a standard part of semi-professional audio applications. Furthermore, these connectors are an excellent choice for audio and video equipment because of their compatibility with audio-video equipment. In addition, these can be used in various environments, including studios, broadcast and recording facilities.
History of External Line Return (XLR) connector:
Traditionally, these connectors were first used in stage lighting and professional audio. The original XLR had a three-pin connector and was used to connect microphones and other audio devices. James H Cannon (Founder of Cannon Electric) in Los Angeles, California, invented this connector, and by 1955, the design of the cable underwent many changes over the years. In the same year, with the addition of female contacts with synthetic rubber polychloroprene, it became the XLR cable that we know today. In the past, the musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) was transmitted by a three-pin jack. After then by 1955, the three-pin connector had also been standardized which made it possible for different devices to connect.
Variants and applications of External Line Return (XLR) connector:
These connectors have mainly two types, i.e., male and female. The female version is commonly used for microphones and recording devices, which is more common to use a male XLR connector. These connectors come in different designs. Moreover, they have different types of cable mounting designs, and the difference between the two types is the size and the shape of the XLR cable, so make sure you choose the right type for your needs.
The types of variants that are most widely used are outlined below:
XLR2:
This variant was used as the DC power input socket on Yamaha's 1970s CP-series pianos.
XLR 3:
The three-pin variant is the most popular style. It is the type used for many audio items microphones, mixer inputs, amplifier inputs, and audio extension leads.
XLR 4:
The XLR 4 (4 pin connector) is used in many applications. Some of the main devices used by the XLR 4 are:
- Intercom headsets.
- DC power for professional video cameras and their related equipment.
- Desk microphones that have LEDs for indicators.
XLR 5:
This is the standard connector for the DMX512 digital lighting control system, stereo microphones, DC power and several other forms of audio equipment.
XLR6:
Six-pin connectors are employed for dual-channel intercom systems, stage lighting control applications, and professional stereo headsets with balanced microphones.
XLR7:
seven-pin connectors connect some tube condenser microphones to their power supplies, models of Le Maitre and Ultratec fog machines for remote control etc.
Benefits:
The main advantages of these connectors are that:
- Its latch can hold an instrument without slipping and has a latch that prevents cables from tangling. The latch is the main distinguishing feature of an XLR connector.
- Cannon XLR, a standard XLR, also has a female-only version. Its rubber compound makes the XLR-type cable more secure.
- These connectors can be easily paired with other audio equipment and are the most versatile.
Conclusion:
XLR connectors come in various variants with remarkable performances and designs. The most common style is the three-pin, used for audio and video applications. These connectors are very simple to use, easy to assemble, and reliable.
