A Zener diode is a silicon semiconductor device that allows current to flow in either forward or backward direction. The diode features a unique and heavily doped p-n junction designed to conduct in the reverse direction when a certain specified voltage is accomplished. These diodes have well-defined reverse voltage. At that specific voltage, it starts to conduct effectively and continues its operation in the reverse bias mode without getting harmed. In addition to that, the voltage drop remains constant for a variety of voltages. This is the main feature that makes Zener diodes appropriate for use in voltage regulation.
Operation of Zener Diode
The Zener diode functions just like a standard diode when it is in the forward bias mode and has a turn-on voltage ranging between 0.3 and 0.7 V. However when it is connected in the reverse mode, a small leakage current may occur and flow. This is the case in most applications as the diode is the connection in a reverse direction. When the reverse voltage rises to the pre-determines breakdown voltage, a current will begin to flow through the diode. The current will reach maximum, which is usually detected by the series resistor, after which it becomes stable and remains still over a wide range of applied voltages.
Applications of Zener Diodes
- As a voltage regulator
- Protects from over-voltage
- Used in clipping circuits
- Used to shift voltage
As a Voltage Regulator
When the load voltage becomes equal to the breakdown voltage, the connected resistors restrict the current through the diode when there is some extra voltage. At the same time, the diode continues the conduction process. When this happens, the diode often creates loud noise you can reduce by installing a large value decoupling capacitor across the diode.
Protects from Over-Voltage
When the input voltage becomes equal to the Zener breakdown voltage, the current that passes through the diode will result in a voltage drop across the resistor. This usually creates a short circuit to the ground.
Used in Clipping Circuits
Clipper circuits are crucial for ensuring the voltage does not exceed the determined value without any alterations made to the input signal. A crucial benefit of these diodes is that they can modify and shape the AC waveform clipping circuits. The clipping circuits are known to restrict one portion of the AC waveform to shape the waveform. Such circuits are commonly used in TV and FM transmitters to eliminate interference.
Used to Shift Voltage
The basic functions of a Zener diode include converting a signal from one voltage to another. It can maintain a stable output voltage in the breakdown area. This voltage-shifting property makes these ideal diode components for such tasks and operations.
Purpose of Zener Diodes
- Zener diodes are used as a constant voltage diode. This is because the voltage of these diodes can remain constant over a huge selection of Zener currents.
- Zener diodes can also be utilized as voltage detection devices.
- These diodes can also provide voltage clipping if used for the entire region.
Conclusion
Zener Diodes are one of the most important components in a wide selection of applications. Knowing and understanding components is always important before actually putting them to use. We offer a wide selection of diodes which you can order just by visiting our website and searching for your required product.
